We visited the Casa Grande National Monument, which is a pretty amazing place. It became America's first archeological preserve in 1892. There is this huge, ancient four story building that may have served as some sort of early observatory and calendar!!

The four outer walls of the building are aligned with the four compass points and the west wall shown below has two holes, a round one on the upper left that aligns with the sunset on the summer solstice and the square one on the upper right (barely visible in the photo) that aligns once every 18 1/2 years with the setting moon at the extreme point of its cycle. How weird is that?

Built by the Hohokam people, essentially farmers, they learned to tame and divert the Gila and Salt rivers and their tributaries and formed irrigation communities that regulated the system. They also used groundwater runoff from desert storms to irrigate their crops.


They also had the biggest Saguaro cactus I'd ever seen up close. It really dwarfs Ralph and Beau:

Here's the guys close up:

The Superstition Mountains are famous for mining, mostly copper, but gold and silver as well. There were several old copper smelters along the way and a huge open pit copper mine...I even got a sample of copper ore to bring home.


In the town of Globe there is a pueblo ruin called Besh Be Gowah. It's really tucked away and has been partially excavated and reconstructed.
There is a long entry hallway that would have been covered when the place was built and it was designed as a security feature to control access to the pueblo:

There were loads and loads of small rooms used for various things from storage to cooking to living to ceremonies. There was a small central plaza that was used for gatherings.

Many of the rooms were entered via ladders...


They've recovered a lot of artifacts from this site and have a small museum that contains a selection of what they've found:

There is also a small raised platform, that in more than 40 other sites in Arizona are very large and are usually the base for a special residence, and sometime even huge ones that are the base for an entire pueblo. This one is very small and out of character and they haven't figured out what it's purpose was.

And, a lovely fact in Arizona. We stopped at Burnt Wells rest area for a quick break and to walk the dog and in the middle of the pet exercise area is this sign:

Always something interesting and enlightening...it's why we keep going back to Arizona!!





























